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Why Are Breasts White And Legs Dark?

Paul R. asks:

Over Thanksgiving dinner, my son asked me why the meat in a turkey leg or a chicken leg is dark, while the breast is light. I didn't have an answer, but it started me thinking. If you know the answer, cane you also tell why ducks and geese have nothing but dark meat, even in the breast?

Tom sez:

It's all related to the amount of blood needed by the muscle in question. Dark meats (including beef and lamb, as well as chicken) are dark because they contain more myoglobin. That's a substance that holds oxygen in the muscle tissue for quick availability. It's related to, but not the same as, the hemoglobin in blood. (It's the source of the red juices that come from rare beef, often mistaken for blood by those who disdain properly-cooked steak.) Muscles that do a lot of work tend to conatin a lot of hemoglobin. Since chickens and turkeys don't fly much, their breast muscles have little myoglobin and are light in color. Ducks and geese and quail and squab all do fly, a great deal, and so their breasts are darker. The legs are dark because of all the walking chickens and turkeys do.

Revised 3/10/08

Copyright © 2008 Tom Fitzmorris. All rights reserved.
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